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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous mental disorder, and its complex etiology and unclear mechanism are great obstacles to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Studies have shown that abnormal functions of the visual cortex have been reported in MDD patients, and the actions of several antidepressants coincide with improvements in the structure and synaptic functions of the visual cortex. In this review, we critically evaluate current evidence showing the involvement of the malfunctioning visual cortex in the pathophysiology and therapeutic process of depression. In addition, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of visual cortex dysfunction that may underlie the pathogenesis of MDD. Although the precise roles of visual cortex abnormalities in MDD remain uncertain, this undervalued brain region may become a novel area for the treatment of depressed patients.
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Objective:To explore the protective effect of zonisamide (ZNS) on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cell model of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its underlying mechanism.Methods:Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) were cultured in vitro and divided into the control group, OGD group, and drug administration group (OGD+ZNS group) according to the random number table method. The OGD method was used to establish a TBI cell model. After modeling, the cell activity, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and β-galactosidase staining were detected to evaluate cell function and senescence. Additionally, mitochondrial morphology and potential membrane changes were observed using Mito Tracker Red and JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential staining. ATP concentration was measured, and protein was extracted from SH-SY5Y cells and then subjected to Western blot analysis to detect endoplasmic reticulum stress-related markers, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and β-actin.Results:The OGD group had a significantly lower cell survival rate compared to the control group ( P<0.01), while the OGD+ZNS group had a significant higher cell survival rate than the OGD group ( P<0.01). The LDH release rate was significantly higher in the OGD group than in the control group ( P<0.01), while the OGD+ZNS group had a significant lower LDH release rate compared to the OGD group ( P<0.01). Moreover, the cell staining results indicated that compared to the control and OGD+ZNS groups, the cells in the OGD group exhibited significant damage and senescence with darker staining while the mitochondrial staining results demonstrated a significant reduction in mitochondrial linear junctions and decreased mitochondrial activity in the OGD group compared to the control and OGD+ZNS groups. Compared to the control and OGD+ZNS groups, the OGD group exhibited a significant reduction in mitochondrial staining red fluorescence, a significant increase in green fluorescence, and a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The OGD group demonstrated a significant decrease in ATP concentration compared to the control group ( P<0.01), whereas the OGD+ZNS group exhibited a significant higher ATP concentration compared to the OGD group ( P<0.01). Western blot analysis revealed significant upregulation of GRP78, CHOP, and PDI in the OGD group compared to the control group (all P<0.05), while in the OGD+ZNS group, the expression levels of these proteins were significantly downregulated compared to the OGD group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Zonisamide can protect OGD TBI cell model by preserving mitochondrial activity and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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OBJECTIVE To screen t he active component s of Euchresta japonica against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Main chemical components of E. japonica were selected ，and their target proteins were predicted in Swiss Target Prediction database. The target proteins of nasopharyngeal cancer were obtained with GeneCards database. Protein-protein interaction（PPI）network was established after the target of chemical components of E. japonica was intersected with the target of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ；PPI network was analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.6.1 software，and the potential active components and key targets of E. japonica against nasopharyngeal carcinoma were screened. The molecular docking technology was used to evaluate binding ability of active component-key target ；active components of E. japonica against nasopharyngeal carcinoma were screened. The anti-nasopharyngeal cancer effect of potential active components of E. japonica was verified by cell proliferation experiment. RESULTS Seven potential active components （tonkinensisol，quercetin，sophoranone，matrine，genistein，coumarin，maackiain） and 10 core targets （SRC，PIK3CA，MAPK1，MAPK3，AKT1，MAPK8，MAP2K1，PTK2，EGFR，JAK3）of E. japonica against nasopharyngeal carcinoma were screened. The molecular docking results showed that above potential active components all possessed certain anti-nasopharyngeal cancer effect. Cell proliferation activity test showed that tonkinensisol ，sophoranone and maackiain had a very significant inhibitory activity on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells CNE- 1. CONCLUSIONS Tonkinensisol， sophoranone and maackiain might be the main active components of E. japonica against nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Objective:To establish a model for predicting cesarean delivery after failure of trial of labor among low-risk term primipara.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of low-risk primiparas, with singleton cephalic full-term fetus, who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2017. Women experienced cesarean delivery(CS) following failed trial of labor were grouped as CS group, while those successfully delivered normally as vaginal delivery group(VD group). Chi-square test, t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Influencing factors of CS after a failed trial of labor were screened to establish the prediction model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test were used to assess the performance of the model. A nomogram was established using R programming language based on the predictive model. Results:(1) This study recruited 6 551 subjects and among them, 576 (8.8%) women experienced CS after a failed trial of labor and the rest 5 975(91.2%) delivered vaginally. (2) The women in CS group were older [(27.5±3.1) vs (26.8±3.0) years, t=-4.963, P<0.01] and shorter in height [(159.5±4.2) vs (161.7±4.6) cm, t=11.548, P<0.01] , had higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) [(21.5±2.6) vs (20.8±2.5) kg/m 2, t=-6.743, P<0.01] and higher weight gain during pregnancy [(14.8±4.2) vs (14.1±4.2) kg, t=-3.446, P<0.01] and delivered later [(282±7) vs (278±7) d, t=-10.499, P<0.01] compared with those in VD group. The incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) [26.4% (152/576) vs 20.7% (1 238/5 975) , χ2=10.101, P<0.01], labor induction [oxytocin: 26.4% (152/576) vs 16.3% (976/5 975), artificial rupture of membranes: 46.5% (268/576) vs 36.6% (2 189/5 975), application of cervical dilator balloon: 2.6% (15/576) vs 1.1% (65/5 975) and Propess: 4.7% (27/576) vs 2.5% (149/5 975), χ2=134.918, P<0.01], and the proportion of cases with meconium-stained amniotic fluid [ Ⅰ: 5.2% (30/576) vs 3.5% (209/5 975), Ⅱ: 5.7% (33/576) vs 2.5% (150/5 975), Ⅲ/bloody: 13.7% (79/576) vs 1.8% (105/5 975), χ2=307.664, P<0.01] were all higher in CS group than in VD group. There were more male infants [58.0% (334/576) vs 49.1% (2 934/5 975), χ2=16.576, P<0.01] and higher neonatal birth weight [(3 528±389) vs (3 344±368) g, t=-11.431, P<0.01] in the CS group as well. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal age and height, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, PROM, labor induction with oxytocin, artificial rupture of membrane, application of cervical dilator balloon and Propess, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and fetal gender were all independent factors for CS. Two prediction models and nomograms were established according to fetal gender was involved or not. (4) The AUC of the prediction model not involving fetal gender was 0.774 (95% CI: 0.763-0.784) and the cut-off value was >8.7% with the sensitivity and specificity of 0.707 and 0.706, while that involving fetal gender was 0.782 (95% CI: 0.771-0.791) with the sensitivity and specificity of 0.785 and 0.645, respectively, when the cut-off value was >7.4%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the two models fitted well (both P>0.05). Results of the internal validation using Bootstrap method indicated that the CS rates predicted by both models were consistent with the real data. Conclusions:The established models could effectively and accurately predict CS in term, singleton, cephalic, and low-risk primipara after failure of trial of labor, which might be a tool for clinicians to inform pregnant women to choose an appropriate delivery mode, thus improving maternal and infant outcomes.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of Rosuvastatin on fasting plasma glucose after coronary stent implantation in elderly patients with non-diabetes mellitus.@*Methods@#A total of 216 non-diabetic elderly patients undergoing coronary stent implantation in our hospital from November 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled, with a follow-up in the cardiovascular department after discharge from the Hospital.The demographic data, follow-up time, and laboratory results at hospital admission and the last outpatient visit were collected retrospectively.@*Results@#At the end of follow-up, Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)was increased in 191 patients with normal baseline FPG level as compared with the baseline level(t=-3.783, P=0.000). The incidence of new-onset diabetes was higher in the pre-diabetes group than in the normal blood glucose group(24.0% vs.2.6%, χ2=16.72, P=0.000).@*Conclusions@#Rosuvastatin increases fasting blood glucose levels in elderly non-diabetic patients after coronary stent implantation.Pre-diabetes may increase the risk for rosuvastatin-associated new-onset diabetes.
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BACKGROUND@#Current research shows that platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has important prognostic value in renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colon cancer. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value of PLR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through meta-analysis.@*METHODS@#Literature search for PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), China Biomedical Medicine disc (CBMdisc), VIP, Wanfang Database using computer electronic system to study the association between PLR and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Each eligible study data is extracted and a meta-analysis is performed using the hazard risk (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) to assess the prognostic value of PLR, the time limit for the search is to build the library until November 2018.@*RESULTS@#We include a total of 15 research literatures involving 5,524 patients for meta-analysis. According to the results of the meta-analysis: The OS of the higher PLR group is significantly lower than that of the lower PLR group (HR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.45-1.97, P<0.000,01, I²=46.2%, Pheterogeneity=0.026); the DFS of the higher PLR group is significantly lower than that of the lower PLR group (HR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.14-1.74, P=0.001, I²=46.2%, Pheterogeneity=0.026). Subgroup analysis show that the OS of the higher PLR group is still significantly lower than the lower PLR group (P<0.05) after grouping by ethnicity, sample size, PLR cutoff value and treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Increased PLR is associated with poor prognosis in NSCLC, so PLR may be an important biological predictive marker for NSCLC patients, however, its clinical application still needs to be verified through more research in the future.
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Humans , Blood Platelets , Cell Biology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Blood , Diagnosis , Pathology , Lung Neoplasms , Blood , Diagnosis , Pathology , Lymphocytes , Cell Biology , Platelet Count , PrognosisABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of Rosuvastatin on fasting plasma glucose after coronary stent implantation in elderly patients with non-diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 216 nondiabetic elderly patients undergoing coronary stent implantation in our hospital from November 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled,with a follow-up in the cardiovascular department after discharge from the Hospital.The demographic data,follow-up time,and laboratory results at hospital admission and the last outpatient visit were collected retrospectively.Results At the end of follow-up,Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)was increased in 191 patients with normal baseline FPG level as compared with the baseline level(t =-3.783,P =0.000).The incidence of new-onset diabetes was higher in the pre-diabetes group than in the normal blood glucose group(24.0％ vs.2.6％,x2 =16.72,P =0.000).Conclusions Rosuvastatin increases fasting blood glucose levels in elderly non-diabetic patients after coronary stent implantation.Pre-diabetes may increase the risk for rosuvastatin-associated new-onset diabetes.
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Objective To investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on pericytes in the blood brain barrier at acute stage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.Methods A total of 90 mice with a C57BL/6 background were randomly divided into sham group,TBI group,and TBI + bFGF group,with 30 rats per group.The models of moderate TBl were established using the controlled cortical impactor.After 24 hours,the changes of nerve function were evaluated by Garcia neurological score.Each mouse received an intraperitoneal injection of Evans blue dye for measuring the permeability of blood brain barrier.Western blot was used to test the related indices of pericytes after the cerebral cortex was quickly dissected:platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β),aminopeptidase N (CD13),desmin,neurogliocyte 2 (NG2),and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).Paraffin sections were prepared for HE staining and morphological changes were observed.Immunofluorescence assay was used to test the related indices of pericytes:PDGFR-β,CD13,and cell surface glycoprotein MUC18 (CD146).Results Garcia neurological score revealed that the score in TBI group was significantly decreased compared with that in sham group (P ＜ 0.01),but the score of TBI + bFGF group was significantly increased compared with that of TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).Permeability of blood brain barrier in TBI group was significantly increased compared with that in sham group (P ＜0.01),but in TBI + bFGF group this parameter significantly reduced compared with that in TBI group (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis revealed that the expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,desmin,NG2 proteins in TBI group were significantly decreased compared with those in sham group (P ＜0.05),while the expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,desmin,NG2 proteins in TBI + bFGF group were significantly increased compared with those in TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).HE staining revealed injury of brain parenchyma in TBI group was the severest compared with both sham group and TBI + bFGF group.Immunofluorescence staining results revealed that the proteins expressions of PDGFR-β,CD13,and CD146 in TBI group were significantly decreased compared with those in sham group (all P ＜0.01),and those in TBI + bFGF group were significantly increased compared with those in TBI group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions bFGF can prevent pericyte death via protecting its proteins to conserve blood-brain barrier,bFGF can also significantly ameliorate the injury of brain parenchyma.
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The definition of refractory Langerhans cells histiocytosis (LCH) is risk organs (bone marrow, liver, spleen)involvement and the first-line treatment failure.It has a very poor prognosis.The survival depends on timely and effective salvage treatment.Currently the treatment for refractory LCH includes isolated 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine combined with high-dose cytarabine, indomethacin, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and targeted therapy.In this paper, the advances in treatment of the refractory LCH in children were reviewed.
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Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Shenqiwuweizikeli for treating chronic insomnia.Methods One hundred and ninety-six cases of subjects were randomly divided into Shenqiwuweizikeli group (n =98) and Estazolam tablets group (n =98).The pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) was adopted to evaluate the clinical effects and records of adverse reactions during the study period.Also the lab routine inspection(blood routine,urine routine,liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram were conducted to evaluate safety.Results The Shenqiwuweizikeli and Estazolam tablets all had significant effects for chronic insomnia.The total effective rate of Shenqiwuweizikeli group was 92.86％ (91/98), of Estazolam tablets group was 93.88％(92/98) ,and there was no significant difference (P＞0.05).There were no abnormalities in terms of each routine inspection index.After stopping take the medicine, The adverse reactions including bounce sex insomnia(60 cases), daytime sleepiness/drowsiness (55 cases), dizziness with lacking of power and light headedness(23 cases) in Estazolam tablets group were all more than Shenqiwuweizikeli group with significant difference(P＜0.01).Conclusion The Shenqiwuweizikeli has definite efficacy and safety for treated with chronic insomnia without withdrawal of recoil and dependence.
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Intrahepatic bile duct stones located at the upper part of the hepatic duct.The percentage of intrahepatic biliary cholesterol calculus is increasing in recent years,and the incidence of this type of bile duct stones is free from infection or obstruction.The formation of intrahepatic bile duct stones might not only related to the micro-environment changes in the biliary tract,but also related to the changes of metabolic function of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes.In this article,the mechanism of biliary hydrodynamics on the formation of intrahepatic bile duct stones was reviewed.
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Objective To discuss the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in severity assessment and prognosis prediction of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical imaging data and the follow-up results at six months after injury in 29 patients with DAI. The detection rate of DAI lesion by DWI and conventional MRI was compared by means of one-way ANOVA. The correlation between the number of lesion in different areas with GCS and GOS was analyzed with Spearman rank correlation test. Results (1)The average detected DAI lesions were 19.24±5.72 on DWI, 14.41 ±4.50 on FLAIR, 10.58±3.79 on T2WI and 4.83 ±2. 11 on TIWI, with the highest detection number of DAI lesion on DWI (P < 0, 05). (2) There was a significant correlation of the number of central lesions (in corpus callosum, basal ganglia and brain stem) with GCS and COS (P < 0. 05), but there was no correlation of total lesion number or periphery lesion with GCS and COS (P > 0.05). Conclusions DWI is a potentially useful imaging modality in detecting DAI lesion, when the number of central lesion on DWI can be served as an objective marker in severity assessment and prognosis prediction of DAI.
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Objective To observe the changes of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) after diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in rats. Methods Models of various degrees of DAI (mild, moderate and severe) were established in 135 SD rats by Marmarou method, and MRI examinations were performed 4, 8 and 24 h after injury. Another 8 rats were served as control group. The findings of MRI were analysed, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared among each group. Results No clear traumatic lesion was found from MRI in rats after injury. Four hours after injury, ADC values decreased in each DAI group, and there were significant differences between moderate DAI group and control group, and between severe DAI group and control group (P<0.05). Eight hours after injury, ADC values increased in each DAI group, and there was no significant difference between DAI groups and control group (P>0.05). There were significant differences in ADC values between 8 h after injury and 4 h after injury in severe DAI group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in moderate and mild DAI groups (P>0.05). Twenty-four hours after injury, ADC values continuously increased, especially in severe trauma group. Conclusion ADC values may reveal traumatic changes that can not be demonstrated by MRI. ADC values decrease in acute phase of DAI in rats, then increased, and the degree of variation may be related to the severity of DAI.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)on brain mitochondrial energy metabolism and mitachondrial respiratory functionin after brain injury in rats.Method A total of 63 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups:the rhEPO treated group(n =28),the control group(n=28),the shanl group(n=7).The models of contusion of brain caused by freefalling were set up in rhEPO treated group(n=28).The recombinant human erythropoietin was intraperitoneally injected in dose of 10 U/g immediately after brain injury and it was repeated every 10 hours in rhEPO group treated.The same models of contused brain were made without rhEPO treatment as control group(n=28).In control group,the same volume of normal saline was used in replacemem of rhEPO.Aburr hole was made on the skull of the sham group(n=7),but the brain tissue was not wounded.The mitochondria were isolated at 6 h,12 h,24h,48 h after trealment,respectively.The activity of ATPase and SOD,the content MDA and brain mitochondrial respiratory function were measured by biochemical technique.The data were analyzed with the F-test and t-test.Results The activity of ATPase(P＜0.05),SOD(P＜0.01)and brain mitochondrial respiratory function(P ＜0.05)were increased.and the levd of MDA in brain mitochondria was reduced markedly in rats treated with rhEPO.Conclusions Treatment with rhEPO can alleviates the secondary brain injury by affecting mitochondrial function.